About the Book
The aim of this book is to deal with biometrics in terms of signal and image processing methods and algorithms. This will help engineers and students working in digital signal and image processing deal with the implementation of such specific algorithms.
It discusses numerous signal and image processing techniques that are very often used in biometric applications. In particular, algorithms related to hand feature extraction, speech recognition, 2D/3D face biometrics, video surveillance and other interesting approaches are presented. Moreover, in some chapters, Matlab codes are provided so that readers can easily reproduce some basic simulation results.
This book is suitable for final-year undergraduate students, postgraduate students, engineers and researchers in the field of computer engineering and applied digital signal and image processing.
1. Introduction to Biometrics, Bernadette Dorizzi.
2. Introduction to 2D Face Recognition, Amine Nait-Ali and Dalila Cherifi.
3. Facial Soft Biometrics for Person Recognition, Antitza Dantcheva, Christelle Yemdji, Petros Elia and Jean-Luc Dugelay.
4. Modeling, Reconstruction and Tracking ?for Face Recognition, Catherine Herold, Vincent Despiegel, Stéphane Gentric,?Séverine Dubuisson and Isabelle Bloch.
5. 3D Face Recognition, Mohsen Ardabilian, Przemyslaw Szeptycki, Di Huang and Liming Chen.
6. Introduction to Iris Biometrics, Kamel Aloui, Amine Nait-Ali, Régis Fournier and Saber Naceur.
7. Voice Biometrics: Speaker Verification and Identification, Foezur Chowdhury, Sid-Ahmed Selouani?and Douglas O’Shaughnessy.
8. Introduction to Hand Biometrics, Régis Fournier and Amine Nait-Ali.
9. Multibiometrics, Romain Giot, Baptiste Hemery, Estelle Cherrier and?Christophe Rosenberger.
10. Hidden Biometrics, Amine Nait-Ali, Régis Fournier, Kamel Aloui and?Noureddine Belgacem.
11. Performance Evaluation of Biometric Systems, Mohamad El-Abed, Romain Giot, Baptiste Hemery, Julien Mahier?and Christophe Rosenberger.
12. Classification Techniques for Biometrics, Amel Bouchemha, Chérif Nait-Hamoud, Amine Nait-Ali and?Régis Fournier.
13. Data Cryptography, Islam Naveed and William Puech.
14. Visual Data Protection, Islam Naveed and William Puech.
15. Biometrics in Forensics, Guillaume Galou and Christophe Lambert.
Table of Contents:
Preface xiii
Amine NAÏT-ALI and Régis FOURNIER
Chapter 1. Introduction to Biometrics 1
Bernadette DORIZZI
1.1. Background: from anthropometry to biometrics 1
1.2. Biometrics today 2
1.3. Different modes of use of a biometric system and associated uses 3
1.4. Biometrics as a pattern recognition problem 4
1.5. Evaluation of different modalities 8
1.6. Quality 9
1.7. Multimodality 10
1.8. Biometrics and preservation of privacy 11
1.9. Conclusion 12
1.10. Bibliography 12
Chapter 2. Introduction to 2D Face Recognition 15
Amine NAÏT-ALI and Dalila CHERIFI
2.1. Introduction 15
2.2. Global face recognition techniques 16
2.3. Local face recognition techniques 25
2.4. Hybrid face recognition techniques 28
2.5. Some guidances 32
2.6. Some databases 35
2.7. Conclusion 35
2.8. Bibliography 36
Chapter 3. Facial Soft Biometrics for Person Recognition 39
Antitza DANTCHEVA, Christelle YEMDJI, Petros ELIA and Jean-Luc DUGELAY
3.1. Introduction to soft biometrics 39
3.2. Soft biometric systems for human identification 42
3.3. Overall error probability of a soft biometrics system 48
3.4. Conclusions and future directions 53
3.5. Bibliography 53
Chapter 4. Modeling, Reconstruction and Tracking for Face Recognition 57
Catherine HEROLD, Vincent DESPIEGEL, Stéphane GENTRIC, Séverine DUBUISSON and Isabelle BLOCH
4.1. Background 57
4.2. Types of available information 61
4.3. Geometric approaches for the reconstruction 63
4.4. Model-based approaches for reconstruction 67
4.5. Hybrid approaches 76
4.6. Integration of the time aspect 77
4.7. Conclusion 82
4.8. Bibliography 83
Chapter 5. 3D Face Recognition 89
Mohsen ARDABILIAN, Przemyslaw SZEPTYCKI, Di HUANG and Liming CHEN
5.1. Introduction 89
5.2. 3D face databases 90
5.3. 3D acquisition 92
5.4. Preprocessing and normalization 94
5.5. 3D face recognition 101
5.6. Asymmetric face recognition 109
5.7. Conclusion 110
5.8. Bibliography 111
Chapter 6. Introduction to Iris Biometrics 117
Kamel ALOUI, Amine NAÏT-ALI, Régis FOURNIER and Saber NACEUR
6.1. Introduction 117
6.2. Iris biometric systems 118
6.3. Iris recognition methods: state-of-the-art 119
6.4. Preprocessing of iris images 122
6.5. Features extraction and encoding 125
6.6. Similarity measure between two IrisCodes 126
6.7. Iris biometrics: emerging methods 127
6.8. Conclusion 128
6.9. Bibliography 128
Chapter 7. Voice Biometrics: Speaker Verification and Identification 131
Foezur CHOWDHURY, Sid-Ahmed SELOUANI and Douglas O’SHAUGHNESSY
7.1. Introduction 131
7.2. Acoustic analysis for robust speaker recognition 134
7.3. Distributed speaker recognition through UBM–GMM models 138
7.4. Performance evaluation of DSIDV 142
7.5. Conclusion 145
7.6. Bibliography 146
Chapter 8. Introduction to Hand Biometrics 149
Régis FOURNIER and Amine NAÏT-ALI
8.1. Introduction 149
8.2. Characterization by minutiae extraction 151
8.3. A few databases 160
8.4. Conclusion 165
8.5. Bibliography 165
Chapter 9. Multibiometrics 167
Romain GIOT, Baptiste HEMERY, Estelle CHERRIER and Christophe ROSENBERGER
9.1. Introduction 167
9.2. Different principles of multibiometrics 169
9.3. Fusion levels 171
9.4. Applications and illustrations 189
9.5. Conclusion 191
9.6. Bibliography 192
Chapter 10. Hidden Biometrics 195
Amine NAÏT-ALI, Régis FOURNIER, Kamel ALOUI and Noureddine BELGACEM
10.1. Introduction 195
10.2. Biometrics using ECG 196
10.3. Biometrics using EMG: preliminary experiments 198
10.4. Biometrics using medical imaging 200
10.5. Conclusion 205
10.6. Bibliography 205
Chapter 11. Performance Evaluation of Biometric Systems 207
Mohamad EL ABED, Romain GIOT, Baptiste HEMERY, Julien MAHIER and Christophe ROSENBERGER
11.1. Introduction 207
11.2. Reminders on biometric systems 208
11.3. Results analysis tools 212
11.4. Illustration of the GREYC-Keystroke system 223
11.5. Conclusion 228
11.6. Bibliography 229
Chapter 12. Classification Techniques for Biometrics 231
Amel BOUCHEMHA, Chérif NAIT-HAMOUD, Amine NAÏT-ALI and Régis FOURNIER
12.1. Introduction 231
12.2. Generalization aptitude and performance measures 232
12.3. Parametric approaches 234
12.4. Non-parametric approaches 241
12.5. Conclusion 260
12.6. Bibliography 261
Chapter 13. Data Cryptography 263
Islam NAVEED and William PUECH
13.1. Introduction 263
13.2. Cryptography 263
13.3. Conclusion 276
13.4. Bibliography 276
Chapter 14. Visual Data Protection 279
Islam NAVEED and William PUECH
14.1. Introduction 279
14.2. Visual data hiding 279
14.3. A proposed homomorphism-based visual secret sharing scheme 284
14.4. Conclusion 294
14.5. Bibliography 294
Chapter 15. Biometrics in Forensics 297
Guillaume GALOU and Christophe LAMBERT
15.1. Introduction 297
15.2. Facial comparison 298
15.3. Voice comparison in forensics 301
15.4. Bibliography 311
List of Authors 313
Index 317
