The methods in Volumes 189 and 190 apply to the use of retinoids in basic research in molecular, cellular, and development biology and in clinical medicine.

Table of Contents:
Structure and Analysis: Structure M. Klaus, Structural Characteristics of Natural and Synthetic Retinoids. M.I. Dawson and P.D. Hobbs, Synthetic Retinoic Acid Analogs: Handling and Characterization. B.P. Sani and D.L. Hill, Structural Characteristics of Synthetic Retinoids. A.P. De Leenheer and H.J. Nelis, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Retinoids in Blood. C.D.B. Bridges, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography of Retinoid Isomers. A.C. Ross, Separation of Fatty Acid Esters of Retinol by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. H.C. Furr, Analysis of Retinyl Esters (Vitamin A Esters) by Reversed- Phase High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography. A.J. Clifford, A.D. Jones, and H.C. Furr, Stable Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry to Assess Vitamin A Status. A.P. De Leenheer and W.E. Lambert, Mass Spectrometry: Methyl Ester of Retinoic Acid (Methyl**Retinoate). G.S. Shaw and R.F. Childs, Characterization of Retinylidend Iminium Salts by High-Field 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy. F. Seibert, Application of Resonance Raman and Infared Difference Spectroscopy to the Study of Retinal Proteins. A.B. Barua, Analysis of Water-Soluble Compounds: Glucuronides. R. Wyss, Determination of Retinoids in Plasma by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography and Automated Column Switching. L.A. Kaplan, J.A. Miller, E.A. Stein, M.J. Stampfer, Simultaneous, High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis for Analysis of Retinol, Tocopherols, Tycophene, and ~ga- and ~gb-Carotene in Serum and Plasma. H. Bun, N.R. Al-Mallah, C Aubert, and J.P. Cano, High-Performance Liquid ChromatographyDetermination of Aromatic Retinoids and Isotretinoin in Biological Fluids. W.A. MacCrehan, Determination of Retinol, ~ga-Tocopherol, and ~gb-Carotene in Serum by Liquid Chromatography. H.K. Biesalski, Separation of Retinyl Esters and Their Geometric Isomers by Isocratic Adsorption High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography. Receptors, Transport, and Binding Proteins: Extracellular: S.-L. Fong and C.D.B. Bridges, Purification, Characterization, Molecular Cloning, and Sequence of Interstitial Retinol-Binding Protein. A.J. Adler, G.J. Chader, and B. Wiggert, Purification and Assay of Interphotoreceptor Retinoid-Binding Protein from Eye. Intracellular: V. Gigu~aaere and R.M. Evans, Identification of Receptors for Retinoids as Members of Steroid and Thyroid Hormone Receptor Family. N. Takahashi and T.R. Breitman, Retinoic Acid Acylation (Retinolyation). A.K. Daly, C.P.F. Redfern, and B. Martin, The Identification and Analysis of Retinoic Acid-Binding Proteins and Receptors from Nuclei of Mammalian Cells. A.M. Jetten, J.F. Grippo, and C. Nervi, Isolation and Binding Characteristics of Nuclear Retinoic Acid Receptors. M. Pfahl, M. Tzukerman, X.-K. Zhang, J.M. Lehmann, T. Hermann, K.N. Wills, and G. Graupner. Specific Methods: W.S. Blaner, Radioimmunoassays for Retinol-Binding Protein, Cellular Retinol-Binding Protein, and Cellular Retinoic Acid-Binding Protein. M. Newcomer and T.A. Jones, X-Ray Crytallographic Studies on Retinol-Binding Proteins. D.R. Soprano and D.S. Goodman, In Situ Hybridization of Retinoid-Binding Protein Messenger RNA. G. Siegenthaler, Gel Electrophoresis Technique for CRABP, CRBP, and RBP Analysis. C.P.F. Redfern and A.K. Daly, Purification and Analysis of Cellular Retinoic Acid-Binding Protein from Neonatal Rat Skin. C. Busch, P. Sakena, K. Funa, H. Nordlinder, and U. Eriksson, Tissue Distribution of CRBP and CRABP: Use of Monospecific Antibodies for Immunohistochemistry and cRNA for the in situ Localization of mRNA's. A.-s. Lin, S.-L. Fong, and C.D.B. Bridges, Determination of Retinoids Bound to Interstitial Retinol-Binding Protein during Visual Cycle. M. Kato, M. Okuno, and Y. Muto, Purification of Cellular Retinoic Acid-Binding Protein from Human Placenta. P. Abarzua and M.I Sherman, Evaluation of Differentiation of Embryonal Carcinoma Cells in Response to Retinoids. B.P. Sani, Parasite Retinoid-Binding Proteins. J.S. Bailey and C.-H. Siu, Purification of Cellular Retinoic Acid-Binding Proteins Types I and II from Neonatal Rat Pups. V. Matarese, M.K. Buelt, L.L. Chinander, and D.A. Bernlohr, Purification of Adipocyte Lipid-Binding Protein from Human and Murine Cells. M.A. Livrea and L. Tesoriere, Binding of 11-cis Retinaldehyde to CRALBP from Pigment Epithelium. Membrane Interactions: W. Stillwell and S.R. Wassall, Interactions of Retinoids with Phospholipid membranes: Optical Spectroscopy. S.R. Wassall and W. Stillwell, Interactions of Retinoids with Phospholipid Membranes: Electron Spin Resonance. G. Fex and G. Johannesson, Transfer of Retinol from Retinol-Binding Protein Complex to Liposomes and Across Liposomal Membrane. W.J. deGrip and F.J.M. Daemen, Exchange of Retinoids between Lipid Vesicles and Rod Outer Segment Membranes. R.R. Rando and F.W. Bangerter, Intermembraneous Transfer of Retinoids. L.M. Canfield, T.A. Fritz, and T.E. Tarara, Incorporation of ~gb-Carotene into Mixed Micelles. Enzymology and Metabolism: J.A. Olson and M.R. Lakshman, Carotenoid Conversions. L.E. Gerber and K.L. Simpson, Carotenoid Cleavage: Alternative Pathways. X. Pares and P. Julia, Isoenzymes of Alcohol Dehydrogenase in Retinoid Metabolism. A.C. Ross, Measurement of Acyl-Coenzyme A-Dependent Esterification of Retinol. M.D. Ball, Acyl-Coenzyme A-Dependent Retinol Esterification. E.H. Harrison and J.L. Napoli, Bile Salt-Independent Retinyl Ester Hydrolase Activities Associated with Membranes of Rat Tissues. W.S. Blaner and D.S. Goodman, Purification and Properties of Plasma Retinol-Binding Protein. J.L. Napoli, Quantification and Characteristics of Retinoid Synthesis from Retinol and ~gb-Carotene in TissueFractions and Established Cell Lines. M.A. Leo and C.S. Lieber, Retinol 4-Hydroxylase. D.A. Cooper, Assay of Liver Retinyl Ester Hydrolase. P.S. Bernstein and R.R. Rando, Assay of Retinoid Isomerase System of Eye. M.A. Livrea and L. Tesoriere, Assay of all-trans 11-cis Retinol Isomerase Activity in Bovine Retinal Pigment Epithelium. M.S. Levin, E. Li and J.I. Gordon, Facilitating Structure Function Analyses of Mammalian Cell Retinol-Binding Proteins by Expression in E. coli. M.A. Leo and C.S. Lieber, NAD+-Dependent Retinol Dehydrogenase in Liver Microsomes. M.L. Gubler and M.I. Sherman, Metabolism of Retinoic Acid and Retinol by Intact Cells and by Cell Extracts. G. Siegenthaler, Retinoic Acid Formation from Retinol and Retinal Metabolism in Epidermal Cells