This revised and expanded edition of the Research Handbook on International Law and Cyberspace brings together leading scholars and practitioners to examine how international legal rules, concepts and principles apply to cyberspace and the activities occurring within it. In doing so, contributors highlight the difficulties in applying international law to cyberspace, assess the regulatory efficacy of these rules and, where necessary, suggest adjustments and revisions. More specifically, contributors explore the application of general concepts and principles to cyberspace such as those of sovereignty, power, norms, non-intervention, jurisdiction, State responsibility, human rights, individual criminal responsibility and international investment law and arbitration. Contributors also examine how international law applies to cyber terrorism, cyber espionage, cyber crime, cyber attacks and cyber war as well as the meaning of cyber operations, cyber deterrence and the ethics of cyber operations. In addition, contributors consider how international and regional institutions such as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO and Asia-Pacific institutions and States such as China and Russia approach cyber security and regulation. This Research Handbook is an essential resource for scholars of international law, international relations and public and private law as well as for legal practitioners and policymakers.

Table of Contents:
Contents: Preface xiv Introduction to the Research Handbook on International Law and Cyberspace 1 Michael N. Schmitt PART I CYBERSPACE AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW 1 The legal status of cyberspace: sovereignty redux? 9 Nicholas Tsagourias 2 The rise of cyber norms 32 Marja Lehto 3 Mapping power in cyberspace 46 Outi Korhonen and Ekaterina Markovich 4 Jurisdiction in network society 69 Uta Kohl 5 The international law of cyber intervention 97 Ido Kilovaty 6 State responsibility in cyberspace 113 Constantine Antonopoulos 7 Cyberspace and human rights 130 David P. Fidler 8 International criminal responsibility in cyberspace 152 Kai Ambos 9 International investment law and arbitration in cyberspace 181 Eric De Brabandere PART II CYBER TREATS AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 10 Cyber terrorism and use of the internet for terrorist purposes 204 Ben Saul and Kathleen Heath 11 Cyber espionage and international law 230 Russell Buchan and Iñaki Navarrete 12 International legal dimensions of cybercrime 252 Philipp Kastner and Frédéric Mégret PART III CYBER ATTACKS AND THE JUS AD BELLUM 13 The notion of cyber operations 271 Paul A. L. Ducheine and Peter B. M. J. Pijpers 14 Cyber operations as a use of force 296 Marco Roscini 15 Self-defence in cyberspace 316 Carlo Focarelli 16 Cyber-peacekeeping and international law 344 Nicholas Tsagourias and Giacomo Biggio 17 Some thoughts on cyber deterrence and public international law 365 Eric Myjer PART IV CYBER WAR AND THE JUS IN BELLO 18 Distinctive ethical challenges of cyberweapons 387 Neil C Rowe 19 Classifying cyber warfare 405 Louise Arimatsu 20 Is the principle of distinction still relevant in cyberwarfare? From doctrinal discourse to States’ practice 426 Karine Bannelier 21 International humanitarian law applied to cyber-warfare: precautions, proportionality and the notion of ‘attack’ under the humanitarian law of armed conflict 456 Terry D. Gill 22 Cyber war and the law of neutrality 470 David Turns PART V REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL APPROACHES TO CYBER SECURITY 23 European law and cyberspace 490 Ramses A. Wessel 24 NATO and the international law of cyber defence 508 Steven Hill 25 Russian approaches to international law and cyberspace 524 Sergey Sayapin 26 Chinese approaches to cyberspace governance and international law in cyberspace 546 Zhixiong Huang and Yaohui Ying 27 Cyber security in the Asia-Pacific 563 Hitoshi Nasu 28 The United Nations and the regulation of cyber-security 581 Christian Henderson Index