Precision Agriculture presents the latest scientific results from worldwide research, field studies and practical application. The book contains peer-reviewed papers that were presented at the 4th European Conference on Precision Agriculture. The papers focus on precision agriculture research containing interdisciplinary site analysis, integrative measures and management strategies as well as on practical applications. The economic and environmental effects of implementing the precision agriculture concept are featured in many of them. The unique feature of the fourth conference was that it was held in parallel with the 1st European Conference on Precision Livestock Farming - the links between both technologies were drawn and the possible interactions between them were shown for the first time. The potential is to integrate both technologies to encompass the whole farm. Peer-reviewed papers from the Precision Livestock conference are presented in a companion proceedings, Precision Livestock Farming.

Table of Contents:
Precision Agriculture 1; Scientific Panel 7; Reviewers 9; International Program Committee of the 4th ECPA 11; Editorial 25; On-the-go mapping of soil properties using ion-selective electrodes 27; V.I. Adamchuk, E. Lund, A. Dobermann and M.T. Morgan; The use of radiative transfer models for remote sensing data assimilation in crop growth models 35; Heike Bach, Wolfram Mauser and Karl Schneider; A metadata profile for precision agriculture based on ISO 19115 standard 41; M. Backes, D. Dorschlag and L. Plumer; Using site specific weed management for control of winter wild oats in Spain: An economic evaluation 47; J. Barroso, C. Fernandez-Quintanilla, B. Maxwell and L. Rew; Assessing and modelling spatial variability of yield and grain quality of durum wheat under extreme dry conditions 53; B. Basso, P. De Vita, F. Basso, A.S. De Franchi, R. Faraone Mennella, M. Pisante, F. Nigro and N. Di Fonzo; Evaluation of variable depth tillage: economic aspects and simulation of long term effects on soil organic matter and soil physical properties 61; B. Basso, L. Sartori, M. Bertocco and G. Oliviero; Estimating break-even cost to move from single to multiple soybean variety management within a field 69; W. D. Batchelor, J.O. Paz and J.W. Jones; Simulating the spatial variation of soil mineral N within fields using the model SUNDIAL 75; S.J. Baxter, M.A. Oliver, J. Gaunt and M.J. Glendining; Row detection in high resolution remote sensing images of vine fields 81; W. Bobillet, J.P. Da Costa,, C. Germain,, O. Lavialle, and G. Grenier,; Prediction of protein content in cereals using canopy reflectance 89; Thomas Borjesson and Mats Soderstrom. Assessment of spatial correlation between wheat yields and some physical and chemical soil properties 95; H. Bourennane, B. Nicoullaud, A. Couturier and D. King; Non-contacting chlorophyll fluorescence sensing for site-specific nitrogen fertilization in wheat and maize 103; C. Bredemeier and U. Schmidhalter; Field-based multiangular remote sensing for plant stress monitoring 109; R. Casa and H.G. Jones; Is precision agriculture irrelevant to developing countries? 115; S.E. Cook, R. O'Brien,, R.J. Corner and T. Oberthur; A Comparison of EMI and DC methods used in soil mapping - theoretical considerations for Precision Agriculture 121; M. Dabas and A. Tabbagh; Sensor-controlled variable rate real-time application of herbicides and fungicides 129; K.-H. Dammer, H. Bottger and D. Ehlert; Automated methods for mapping patterns of soil physical properties as a basis for variable management of crops within fields 135; P.M.R Dampney, J.A King, R.M. Lark, H.C. Wheeler, R.I. Bradley and T.R. Mayr; Weed leaf recognition in complex natural scenes by model-guided edge pairing 141; Benoit De Mezzo, Gilles Rabatel and Christophe Fiorio; A genetic algorithm approach to discover complex associations between wild-oat density and soil properties 149; B. Diaz, A. Ribeiro, D. Ruiz, J. Barroso and C. Fernandez-Quintanilla; Spatial and temporal dynamics of weed populations in crop rotations under the influence of site-specific weed control 157; D. Dicke, P. Krohmann and R. Gerhards; An economic optimization model for management zone configuration 165; Carl R. Dillon, Tom Mueller and Scott Shearer; Optimal path nutrient application using variable rate technology 171; C.R. Dillon, S. Shearer, J. Fulton and M. Kanakasabai; Processing of yield map data for delincating yield zones 177; A. Dobermann, J.L. Ping, G.C. Simbahan and V.I. Adamchuk; Empirical methods to detect management zones with respect to yield 187; H. Domsch, T. Kaiser, K. Witzke and O. Zauer. Strategies for site-specific nitrogen fertilization with respect to long-term environmental demands 193; Th. Ebertseder, R. Gutser, U. Hege, R. Brandhuber and U. Schmidhalter; Improvement of the pendulum-meter for measuring crop biomass 199; D. Ehlert, S. Kraatz and H.-J. Horn; Quality assessment of agricultural positioning and communication systems 205; M. Ehrl, W. Stempfhuber, H. Auernhammer and M. Demmel; Information sources in precision agriculture in Denmark and the USA 211; S. Fountas, D.R. Ess, C.G. Sorensen, S.E. Hawkins, H.H. Pedersen, B.S. Blackmore and J. Lowenberg-Deboer; Exploring the spatial relations between soil properties and Electro-Magnetic Induction (EMI) and the implications for management 217; Z.L. Frogbrook, M.A. Oliver and K.E. Derricourt; Spatial dependence of soil samples and precision farming applications 223; W. Gangloff, R. Reich, D. Westfall and R. Khosla; Precision farming in weed control - system components and economic benefits 229; R. Gerhards and M. Sokefeld; Site-specific analysis of corn (Zea mays L.) nitrogen status using reflectance measurements 235; Simone Graeff and Wilhelm Claupein; Investigations on the use of airborne remote sensing for variable rate treatments of fungicides, growth regulators and N-fertilisation 241; G.J. Grenzdorffer; Individual plant care in cropping systems 247; H.W. Griepentrog, M. Norremark, H. Nielsen and B.S. Blackmore; Site specific calibration of a crop model by assimilation of remote sensing data: a tool for diagnosis and recommendation in precision agriculture 253; M. Guerif, D. Hollecker, N. Beaudoin,, C. Bruchou,, V. Houles, J.M. Machet,, B. Mary, S. Moulin and B. Nicoullaud; Acceptance of precision agriculture in Germany - results of a survey in 2001 259; Elisabeth Gumpertsberger and Carsten Jurgens; A prototype infotronic system for precision farming applications 265; L.S. Guo and Q. Zhang; Using aerial photography to detect weed patches for site-specific weed control - perspectives and limitations 271; A. Hausler and H. Nordmeyer. The value of additional data to locate potential management zones in commercial corn fields under center pivot irrigation 279; D.F. Heermann, K. Diker, G.W. Buchleiter and M.K. Brodahl; Mapping the spatial distribution of mineral fertilizer applications with digital image processing 285; O. Hensel; Pest management module for tree-specific orchard management GIS as part of the PRECISPRAY project 291; A. Hetzroni, M. Meron and V. Fatiev; Evaluation of site-specific management zones: grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency 297; A. Hornung, R. Khosla, R. Reich and D. G. Westfall; Co-kriging when the soil and ancillary data are not co-located 303; R. Kerry and M.A. Oliver; Site specific nitrogen fertilisation recommendations based on simulation 309; K.C. Kersebaum, K. Lorenz, H.I. Reuter, O. Wendroth, A. Giebel and J. Schwarz; GVIS - Ground-operated Visible/Near-Infrared Imaging Spectrometer 315; P. Klotz, H. Bach and W. Mauser; Standardization in data management to increase interoperability of spatial precision agriculture data 323; P. Korduan; The effects of spatial structure on accuracy of map and performance of interpolation methods 329; A. Kravchenko; Adoption of precision agriculture in Slovenia and precision viticulture on faculty vineyard Meranovo 335; M. Lakota, S. Vrsic, D. Stajnko and J. Valdhuber; Experimental and analytical methods for studying within-field variation of crop responses to inputs 341; R.M. Lark and H.C. Wheeler; An n-tier system architecture for distributed agronomic registration applications based on Open Source components 347; G. Lemoine and P. van der Voet; Site-specific N fertilization based on remote sensing - is it necessary to take yield variability into account? 353; A. Link and J. Jasper; Appropriate on-farm trial designs for precision farming 361; J. Lowenberg-DeBoer, D. Lambert and R. Bongiovanni. A farm scale approach to deciding land use options based on a compromise between economic and environmental criteria 367; G. Lyle and M.T.F Wong; Technology for variable rate precision drilling of onions 373; Seamus Maguire, Richard Earl, David F Smith, Paul Cripsey and Richard J. Godwin; Hay and forage measurement for mapping 379; Seamus Maguire, Richard J. Godwin, David F. Smith and Michael J. O'Dogherty; The spatial variability of irrigated corn yield in relation to field topography 385; J.R. Marques da Silva and C. Alexandre; A potential role for soil electrical conductivity mapping in the site-specific management of grassland 393; S. McCormick, J.S. Bailey, C. Jordan and A. Higgins; Developing a wireless LAN for high speed transfer of precision agriculture information 399; James M. McKinion, Johnie N. Jenkins, Jeffrey L. Willers and John J. Read; Remote mapping of crop water status to assess spatial variability of crop stress 405; M. Meron, J. Tsipris and D. Charitt; Tree shape and foliage volume guided precision orchard sprayer - the PRECISPRAY FP5 project 411; M. Meron, J. Van de Zande, R. Van Zuydam, B. Heijne, M. Shragai, J. Liberman, A. Hetzroni, P.G. Andersen and E. Shimborsky; Geostatistical analysis of soil properties and corn quality 417; Y. Miao, P.C. Robert and D.J. Mulla; Simultaneous identification of plant stresses and diseases in arable crops based on a proximal sensing system and Self-Organising Neural Networks 425; D. Moshou, C. Bravo, S. Wahlen, J. West, A. McCartney, J. De Baerdemaeker and H. Ramon; Derivation of dry bulk density maps using a soil compaction model 433; A.M. Mouazen and H. Ramon; Evaluation of fertiliser spreading strategies 439; A.T. Nieuwenhuizen, J.W. Hofstee, C. Lokhorst and J. Muller; An algorithm for automatic detection and elimination of defective yield data 445; P.O. Noack, T. Muhr and M. Demmel; Relative accuracy of different yield mapping systems installed on a single combine harvester 451; P.O. Noack, T. Muhr and M. Demmel; Experiences of site specific weed control in winter cereals 457; H. Nordmeyer, A. Zuk and A. Hausler. A method for high accuracy geo-referencing of data from field operations 463; M. Norremark, H.W. Griepentrog, H. Nielsen, B.S. Blackmore; Arguments for the improved political support of precision farming 469; E.-A. Nuppenau; Comparison of methods to extract correlations for canonical correlation analysis of cotton yields 475; S.J. Officer, R.J. Lascano, J. Booker and S. Maas; Exploring the spatial variation of take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis var tritici) for site-specific management 481; M.A. Oliver, S.D. Heming, G. Gibson and N. Adams; Image processing performance assessment using crop weed competition models 487; Christine Onyango, John Marchant, Andrea Grundy, Kath Phelps and Richard Reader; Hyperspectral remote sensing - A tool for the derivation of plant nitrogen and its spatial variability within maize and wheat canopies 493; N. Oppelt and W. Mauser; Spatial variability of wine grape yield and quality in Chilean vineyards: economic and environmental impacts 499; R.A. Ortega, A. Esser and O. Santibanez; Spatial variability of the weed seed bank in an irrigated alluvial soil in Chile 507; R.A. Ortega, J. Fogliatti and M. Kogan; Development of an in-field controller for an agricultural bus-system based on open source program library lbs-lib 515; R. Ostermeier, H. Auernhammer and M. Demmel; Methods to define confidence intervals for kriged values: application to precision viticulture data 521; J.-N. Paoli, B. Tisseyre, O. Strauss and J.-M. Roger; Precision agriculture - economic aspects 527; J. Pawlak; Adoption of precision farming in Denmark 533; S.M. Pedersen, S. Fountas, S. Blackmore, J.L. Pedersen and H.H. Pedersen; A variable rate pivot irrigation control system 539; C. Perry, S. Pocknee and O. Hansen; Technical solutions for variable rate fertilisation 545; K. Persson, H. Skovsgaard and C. Weltzien; Use of airborne gamma radiometric data for soil property and crop biomass assessment 551; G. Pracilio, M.L. Adams and K.R.J. Smettem,. Error propagation in agricultural models 559; D. Purnomo, R.J. Corner and M.L. Adams; Site-specific land use as demonstrated by planning variable seeding rates 567; E. Reining, R. Roth and J. Kuhn; Optimisation of oblique-view remote measurement of crop N-uptake under changing irradiance conditions 573; S. Reusch; MOSAIC: Crop yield observation - can landform stratification improve our understanding of crop yield variability? 579; H.I. Reuter, O. Wendroth, K.C. Kersebaum and J. Schwarz; Improving the information obtained from yield maps 585; A. Ribeiro, M.C. Garcia-Alegre, L. Navarrete and C. Fernandez-Quintanilla; The critical challenge of learning precision agriculture new skills: Grower learning groups and on-farm trials 591; Pierre C. Robert and Christopher J. Iremonger; Data management for transborder-farming 597; M. Rothmund, M. Demmel and H. Auernhammer; Spatial variation of N fertilizer response in the southeastern USA Coastal Plain 603; E.J. Sadler, C.R. Camp, D.E. Evans and J.A. Millen; The potential for LASER-induced chlorophyll fluorescence measurements in wheat 609; J. Schachtl, F.-X. Maidl, G. Huber and E. Sticksel; Field-scale validation of a tractor based multispectral crop scanner to determine biomass and nitrogen uptake of winter wheat 615; U. Schmidhalter, S. Jungert, C. Bredemeier, R. Gutser, R. Manhart, B. Mistele and G. Geri; Characterisation of winter wheat using measurements of normalised difference vegetation index and crop height 621; I.M. Scotford and P.C.H. Miller; Monitoring the growth of winter wheat using measurements of normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and crop height 627; I.M. Scotford and P.C.H. Miller; Spatial detection of topsoil properties using hyperspectral sensing 633; T. Selige, L. Natscher and U. Schmidhalter; Site-specific crop response to temporal trend of soil variability determined by the real-time soil spectrophotometer 639; S. Shibusawa, S.W. I Made Anom, C. Hache, A. Sasao and S. Hirako. Digital tree mapping and its applications 645; E. Shimborsky; Correcting the effects of field of view and cloud in spectral measurements of crops in the field 651; Michael D. Steven; Automatic operation planning for GPS-guided machinery 657; A. Stoll; A low cost platform for obtaining remote sensed imagery 665; T. Stombaugh, A. Simpson, J. Jacobs and T. Mueller; Development of a commercial vision guided inter-row hoe: achievements, problems and future directions 671; Nick Tillett, Tony Hague, Philip Garford and Peter Watts; Application of multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) in precision agriculture 677; K.M. Turpin, D.R. Lapen, E.G. Gregorich, G.C. Topp, N.B. McLaughlin, W.E. Curnoe and M.J.L. Robin; In-field assessment of commercial cotton yield monitors 683; G. Vellidis, N. Wells, C. Perry, C. Kvien and G. Rains; Development of a sensor for continuous soil resistance measurement 689; R. Verschoore, J.G. Pieters, T. Seps, Y. Spriet and J. Vangeyte; Assessment of two reflectance techniques for the quantification of the within-field spatial variability of soil organic carbon 697; R. Viscarra Rossel, C. Walter and Y. Fouad; Practical practise of precision agriculture and priorities to promote technological innovation in P.R. China 705; Maohua Wang; Development of decision rules for site-specific N fertilization by the application of data mining techniques 711; G. Weigert and P. Wagner; GPS receiver accuracy test - dynamic and static for best comparison of results 717; Cornelia Weltzien, Patrick Noack and Krister Persson; MOSAIC: Crop yield prediction - compiling several years' soil and remote sensing information 723; O. Wendroth, K.C. Kersebaum, H.I. Reuter, A. Giebel, N. Wypler, M. Heisig, J. Schwarz and D.R. Nielsen; On-farm field experiments for precision agriculture 731; B.M. Whelan, A.B. McBratney and A. Stein. Pulse radar systems for yield measurements in forage harvesters 739; K. Wild, S. Ruhland and S. Haedicke; Model for land use decisions based on analysis of yield and soil property maps and remote sensing 745; M.T.F. Wong and G. Lyle; Hyperspectral image feature extraction and classification for soil nutrient mapping 751; Haibo Yao, Lei Tian and Amy Kaleita; Selecting the optimum locations for soil investigations 759; Hilde Monika Zimmermann, Matthias Plochl, Christoph Luckhaus and Horst Domsch; Ecological effects of site-specific weed control: Weed distribution and occurrence of Collembola in the soil 765; A. Zuk, H. Nordmeyer and J. Filser; Authors index 773; Keyword index 779.