Clear explanations of theory and design, broad coverage of models and real systems, and an up-to-date introduction to modern database technologies result in a leading introduction to database systems. Intended for computer science majors, Fundamentals of Database Systems, 6/e emphasizes math models, design issues, relational algebra, and relational calculus.   A lab manual and problems give students opportunities to practice the fundamentals of design and implementation. Real-world examples serve as engaging, practical illustrations of database concepts. The Sixth Edition maintains its coverage of the most popular database topics, including SQL, security, and data mining, and features increased emphasis on XML and semi-structured data.

Table of Contents:
Part 1: Introduction to Databases Chapter 1 Databases and Database Users    3     1.1 Introduction    4     1.2 An Example    6     1.3 Characteristics of the Database Approach    9     1.4 Actors on the Scene    14     1.5 Workers behind the Scene    16     1.6 Advantages of Using the DBMS Approach    17     1.7 A Brief History of Database Applications    23     1.8 When Not to Use a DBMS    26     1.9 Summary    27     Review Questions    27     Exercises    28     Selected Bibliography    28 Chapter 2 Database System Concepts and Architecture    29     2.1 Data Models, Schemas, and Instances     30     2.2 Three-Schema Architecture and Data Independence    33     2.3 Database Languages and Interfaces    36     2.4 The Database System Environment    40     2.5 Centralized and Client/Server Architectures for DBMSs    44     2.6 Classification of Database Management Systems    49     2.7 Summary    52     Review Questions    53     Exercises    54     Selected Bibliography    55 Part 2: Relational Data Model and SQL Chapter 3 The Relational Data Model and Relational Database Constraints    59     3.1 Relational Model Concepts    60     3.2 Relational Model Constraints and Relational Database Schemas    67     3.3 Update Operations, Transactions, and Dealing with Constraint Violations    75     3.4 Summary    79     Review Questions    80     Exercises    80     Selected Bibliography    85 Chapter 4 Basic SQL    87     4.1 SQL Data Definition and Data Types    89     4.2 Specifying Constraints in SQL    94     4.3 Basic Retrieval Queries in SQL    97     4.4 INSERT, DELETE, and UPDATE Statements in SQL    107     4.5 Additional Features of SQL    110     4.6 Summary    111     Review Questions    112     Exercises    112     Selected Bibliography    114 Chapter 5 More SQL: Complex Queries, Triggers, Views, and Schema Modification    115     5.1 More Complex SQL Retrieval Queries    115     5.2 Specifying Constraints as Assertions and Actions as Triggers    131     5.3 Views (Virtual Tables) in SQL    133     5.4 Schema Change Statements in SQL    137     5.5 Summary    139     Review Questions    141     Exercises    141     Selected Bibliography    143 Chapter 6 The Relational Algebra and Relational Calculus    145     6.1 Unary Relational Operations: SELECT and PROJECT    147     6.2 Relational Algebra Operations from Set Theory    152     6.3 Binary Relational Operations: JOIN and DIVISION    157     6.4 Additional Relational Operations    165     6.5 Examples of Queries in Relational Algebra    171     6.6 The Tuple Relational Calculus    174     6.7 The Domain Relational Calculus    183     6.8 Summary    185     Review Questions    186     Exercises    187     Laboratory Exercises    192     Selected Bibliography    194 Part 3: Conceptual Modeling and Database Design Chapter 7 Data Modeling Using the Entity-Relationship (ER) Model    199     7.1 Using High-Level Conceptual Data Models for Database Design    200     7.2 A Sample Database Application    202     7.3 Entity Types, Entity Sets, Attributes, and Keys    203     7.4 Relationship Types, Relationship Sets, Roles, and Structural Constraints    212     7.5 Weak Entity Types    219     7.6 Refining the ER Design for the COMPANY Database    220     7.7 ER Diagrams, Naming Conventions, and Design Issues    221     7.8 Example of Other Notation: UML Class Diagrams    226     7.9 Relationship Types of Degree Higher than Two    228     7.10 Summary    232     Review Questions    234     Exercises    234     Laboratory Exercises    241     Selected Bibliography    243 Chapter 8 The Enhanced Entity-Relationship (EER) Model    245     8.1 Subclasses, Superclasses, and Inheritance    246     8.2 Specialization and Generalization    248     8.3 Constraints and Characteristics of Specialization and Generalization Hierarchies    251     8.4 Modeling of UNION Types Using Categories    258     8.5 A Sample UNIVERSITY EER Schema, Design Choices, and Formal Definitions    260     8.6 Example of Other Notation: Representing Specialization and Generalization in UML Class Diagrams    265     8.7 Data Abstraction, Knowledge Representation, and Ontology Concepts    267     8.8 Summary    273     Review Questions    273     Exercises    274     Laboratory Exercises    281     Selected Bibliography    284 Chapter 9 Relational Database Design by ERand EER-to-Relational Mapping    285     9.1 Relational Database Design Using ER-to-Relational Mapping    286     9.2 Mapping EER Model Constructs to Relations    294     9.3 Summary    299     Review Questions    299     Exercises    299     Laboratory Exercises    301     Selected Bibliography    302 Chapter 10 Practical Database Design Methodology and Use of UML Diagrams    303     10.1 The Role of Information Systems in Organizations    304     10.2 The Database Design and Implementation Process    309     10.3 Use of UML Diagrams as an Aid to Database Design Specification    328     10.4 Rational Rose: A UML-Based Design Tool    337     10.5 Automated Database Design Tools    342     10.6 Summary    345     Review Questions    347     Selected Bibliography    348 Part 4: Object, Object-Relational, and XML Models Chapter 11 Object and Object-Relational Databases    353     11.1 Overview of Object Database Concepts    355     11.2 Object-Relational Features: Object Database Extensions to SQL    369     11.3 The ODMG Object Model and the Object Definition Language ODL    376     11.4 Object Database Conceptual Design    395     11.5 The Object Query Language OQL    398     11.6 Overview of the C++ Language Binding in the ODMG Standard    407     11.7 Summary    408     Review Questions    409     Exercises    411     Selected Bibliography    412 Chapter 12 XML: Extensible Markup Language    415     12.1 Structured, Semistructured, and Unstructured Data    416     12.2 XML Hierarchical (Tree) Data Model    420     12.3 XML Documents, DTD, and XML Schema    423     12.4 Storing and Extracting XML Documents from Databases    431     12.5 XML Languages    432     12.6 Extracting XML Documents from Relational Databases    436     12.7 Summary    442     Review Questions    442     Exercises    443     Selected Bibliography    443 Part 5: Database Programming Techniques Chapter 13 Introduction to SQL Programming Techniques 447     13.1 Database Programming: Techniques and Issues    448     13.2 Embedded SQL, Dynamic SQL, and SQLJ    451     13.3 Database Programming with Function Calls: SQL/CLI and JDBC    464     13.4 Database Stored Procedures and SQL/PSM    473     13.5 Comparing the Three Approaches    476     13.6 Summary    477     Review Questions    478     Exercises    478     Selected Bibliography    479 Chapter 14 Web Database Programming Using PHP    481     14.1 A Simple PHP Example    482     14.2 Overview of Basic Features of PHP    484     14.3 Overview of PHP Database Programming    491     14.4 Summary    496     Review Questions    496     Exercises    497     Selected Bibliography    497 Part 6: Database Normalization Theory Chapter 15 Basics of Functional Dependencies and Normalization for Relational Databases    501     15.1 Informal Design Guidelines for Relation Schemas    503     15.2 Functional Dependencies    513     15.3 Normal Forms Based on Primary Keys    516     15.4 General Definitions of Second and Third Normal Forms    525     15.5 Boyce-Codd Normal Form    529     15.6 Multivalued Dependency and Fourth Normal Form    531     15.7 Join Dependencies and Fifth Normal Form    534     15.8 Summary    535     Review Questions    536     Exercises    537     Laboratory Exercises    542     Selected Bibliography    542 Chapter 16 Relational Database Design Algorithms and Further Dependencies    543     16.1 Further Topics in Functional Dependencies: Inference Rules, Equivalence, and Minimal Cover    545     16.2 Properties of Relational Decompositions    551     16.3 Algorithms for Relational Database Schema Design    557     16.4 About Nulls, Dangling Tuples, and Alternative Relational Designs    563     16.5 Further Discussion of Multivalued Dependencies and 4NF    567     16.6 Other Dependencies and Normal Forms    571     16.7 Summary    575     Review Questions    576     Exercises    576     Laboratory Exercises    578     Selected Bibliography    579 Part 7: File Structures, Indexing, and Hashing Chapter 17 Disk Storage, Basic File Structures, and Hashing    583     17.1 Introduction    584     17.2 Secondary Storage Devices    587     17.3 Buffering of Blocks    593     17.4 Placing File Records on Disk    594     17.5 Operations on Files    599     17.6 Files of Unordered Records (Heap Files)    601     17.7 Files of Ordered Records (Sorted Files)    603     17.8 Hashing Techniques    606     17.9 Other Primary File Organizations    616     17.10 Parallelizing Disk Access Using RAID Technology    617     17.11 New Storage Systems    621     17.12 Summary    624     Review Questions    625     Exercises    626     Selected Bibliography    630 Chapter 18 Indexing Structures for Files    631     18.1 Types of Single-Level Ordered Indexes    632     18.2 Multilevel Indexes    643     18.3 Dynamic Multilevel Indexes Using B-Trees and B+-Trees    646     18.4 Indexes on Multiple Keys    660     18.5 Other Types of Indexes    663     18.6 Some General Issues Concerning Indexing    668     18.7 Summary    670     Review Questions    671     Exercises    672     Selected Bibliography    674 Part 8: Query Processing, Optimization, and Database Tuning Chapter 19 Algorithms for Query Processing and Optimization    679     19.1 Translating SQL Queries into Relational Algebra    681     19.2 Algorithms for External Sorting    682     19.3 Algorithms for SELECT and JOIN Operations    685     19.4 Algorithms for PROJECT and Set Operations    696     19.5 Implementing Aggregate Operations and OUTER JOINs    698     19.6 Combining Operations Using Pipelining    700     19.7 Using Heuristics in Query Optimization    700     19.8 Using Selectivity and Cost Estimates in Query Optimization    710     19.9 Overview of Query Optimization in Oracle    721     19.10 Semantic Query Optimization    722     19.11 Summary    723     Review Questions    723     Exercises    724     Selected Bibliography    725 Chapter 20 Physical Database Design and Tuning    727     20.1 Physical Database Design in Relational Databases    727     20.2 An Overview of Database Tuning in Relational Systems    733     20.3 Summary    739     Review Questions    739     Selected Bibliography    740 Part 9: Transaction Processing, Concurrency Control, and Recovery Chapter 21 Introduction to Transaction Processing Concepts and Theory    743     21.1 Introduction to Transaction Processing    744     21.2 Transaction and System Concepts    751     21.3 Desirable Properties of Transactions    754     21.4 Characterizing Schedules Based on Recoverability    755     21.5 Characterizing Schedules Based on Serializability    759     21.6 Transaction Support in SQL    770     21.7 Summary    772     Review Questions    772     Exercises    773     Selected Bibliography    775 Chapter 22 Concurrency Control Techniques    777     22.1 Two-Phase Locking Techniques for Concurrency Control    778     22.2 Concurrency Control Based on Timestamp Ordering    788     22.3 Multiversion Concurrency Control Techniques    791     22.4 Validation (Optimistic) Concurrency Control Techniques    794     22.5 Granularity of Data Items and Multiple Granularity Locking    795     22.6 Using Locks for Concurrency Control in Indexes    798     22.7 Other Concurrency Control Issues    800     22.8 Summary    802     Review Questions    803     Exercises    804     Selected Bibliography    804 Chapter 23 Database Recovery Techniques    807     23.1 Recovery Concepts    808     23.2 NO-UNDO/REDO Recovery Based on Deferred Update    815     23.3 Recovery Techniques Based on Immediate Update    817     23.4 Shadow Paging    820     23.5 The ARIES Recovery Algorithm    821     23.6 Recovery in Multidatabase Systems    825     23.7 Database Backup and Recovery from Catastrophic Failures    826     23.8 Summary    827     Review Questions    828     Exercises    829     Selected Bibliography    832 Part 10: Additional Database Topics: Security and Distribution Chapter 24 Database Security    835     24.1 Introduction to Database Security Issues    836     24.2 Discretionary Access Control Based on Granting and Revoking Privileges    842     24.3 Mandatory Access Control and Role-Based Access Control for Multilevel Security    847     24.4 SQL Injection    855     24.5 Introduction to Statistical Database Security    859     24.6 Introduction to Flow Control    860     24.7 Encryption and Public Key Infrastructures    862     24.8 Privacy Issues and Preservation    866     24.9 Challenges of Database Security    867     24.10 Oracle Label-Based Security    868     24.11 Summary    870     Review Questions    872     Exercises    873     Selected Bibliography    874 Chapter 25 Distributed Databases    877     25.1 Distributed Database Concepts    878     25.2 Types of Distributed Database Systems    883     25.3 Distributed Database Architectures    887     25.4 Data Fragmentation, Replication, and Allocation Techniques for Distributed Database Design    894     25.5 Query Processing and Optimization in Distributed Databases    901     25.6 Overview of Transaction Management in Distributed Databases    907     25.7 Overview of Concurrency Control and Recovery in Distributed Databases    909     25.8 Distributed Catalog Management    913     25.9 Current Trends in Distributed Databases    914     25.10 Distributed Databases in Oracle    915     25.11 Summary    919     Review Questions    921     Exercises    922     Selected Bibliography    924 Part 11: Advanced Database Models, Systems, and Applications Chapter 26 Enhanced Data Models for Advanced Applications    931     26.1 Active Database Concepts and Triggers    933     26.2 Temporal Database Concepts    943     26.3 Spatial Database Concepts    957     26.4 Multimedia Database Concepts    965     26.5 Introduction to Deductive Databases    970     26.6 Summary    983     Review Questions    985     Exercises    986     Selected Bibliography    989 Chapter 27 Introduction to Information Retrieval and Web Search 993     27.1 Information Retrieval (IR) Concepts    994     27.2 Retrieval Models    1001     27.3 Types of Queries in IR Systems    1007     27.4 Text Preprocessing    1009     27.5 Inverted Indexing    1012     27.6 Evaluation Measures of Search Relevance    1014     27.7 Web Search and Analysis    1018     27.8 Trends in Information Retrieval    1028     27.9 Summary    1030     Review Questions    1031     Selected Bibliography    1033 Chapter 28 Data Mining Concepts    1035     28.1 Overview of Data Mining Technology    1036     28.2 Association Rules    1039     28.3 Classification    1051     28.4 Clustering    1054     28.5 Approaches to Other Data Mining Problems    1057     28.6 Applications of Data Mining    1060     28.7 Commercial Data Mining Tools    1060     28.8 Summary    1063     Review Questions    1063     Exercises    1064     Selected Bibliography    1065 Chapter 29 Overview of Data Warehousing and OLAP    1067     29.1 Introduction, Definitions, and Terminology    1067     29.2 Characteristics of Data Warehouses    1069     29.3 Data Modeling for Data Warehouses    1070     29.4 Building a Data Warehouse    1075     29.5 Typical Functionality of a Data Warehouse    1078     29.6 Data Warehouse versus Views    1079     29.7 Difficulties of Implementing Data Warehouses    1080     29.8 Summary    1081     Review Questions    1081     Selected Bibliography    1082   Appendix A Alternative Diagrammatic Notations for ER Models 1083 Appendix B Parameters of Disks 1087 Appendix C Overview of the QBE Language 1091     C.1 Basic Retrievals in QBE 1091     C.2 Grouping, Aggregation, and Database Modification in QBE 1095 Appendix D Overview of the Hierarchical Data Model (located on the Companion Website at http://www.pearsonhighered.com/elmasri) Appendix E Overview of the Network Data Model (located on the Companion Website at http://www.pearsonhighered.com/elmasri) Selected Bibliography 1099 Index 1133 *An access code for the Companion Website is included with each new textbook purchase of Fundamentals of Database Systems, 6/e