The aim of this book is to provide, ?rstly, an introduction to probability and statistics especially directed to the metrology and testing ?elds and secondly, a comprehensive, newer set of modelling methods for data and uncertainty analysis that are generally not considered yet within mainstream methods. The book brings, for the ?rst time, a coherent account of these newer me- ods and their computational implementation. They are potentially important because they address problems in application ?elds where the usual hypot- ses that are at the basis of most of the traditional statistical and probabilistic methods, for example, relating to normality of the probability distributions, are frequently not ful?lled to such an extent that an accurate treatment of the calibration or test data using standard approaches is not possible. Additi- ally, the methods can represent alternative ways of data analysis, allowing a deeper understanding of complex situations in measurement. The book lends itself as a possible textbook for undergraduate or postgraduate study in an area where existing texts focus mainly on the most common and well-known methods that do not encompass modern approaches to calibration and testing problems. The book is structured in such a way to guide readers with only a g- eral interest in measurement issues through a series of review papers, from an initial introduction to modelling principles in metrology and testing, to the basic principles of probability in metrology and statistical approaches to - certainty assessment.

Table of Contents:
An Introduction to Data Modeling Principles in Metrology and Testing.- Probability in Metrology.- Three Statistical Paradigms for the Assessment and Interpretation of Measurement Uncertainty.- Interval Computations and Interval-Related Statistical Techniques: Tools for Estimating Uncertainty of the Results of Data Processing and Indirect Measurements.- Parameter Estimation Based on Least Squares Methods.- Frequency and Time#x2014;Frequency Domain Analysis Tools in Measurement.- Data Fusion, Decision-Making, and Risk Analysis: Mathematical Tools and Techniques.- Comparing Results of Chemical Measurements: Some Basic Questions from Practice.- Modelling of Measurements, System Theory and Uncertainty Evaluation.- Approaches to Data Assessment and Uncertainty Estimation in Testing.- Monte Carlo Modeling of Randomness.- Software Validation and Preventive Software Quality Assurance for Metrology.- Virtual Istrumentation.- Internet-Enabled Metrology.