The book gives comprehensive insights into the cutting-edge intersection of computational methods and neuropharmacology, making it an essential resource for understanding and advancing medication for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Computational Neuropharmacology is an in-depth exploration of the convergence of computational methods with neuropharmacology, a science concerned with understanding pharmacological effects on the nervous system. This volume explores the most recent breakthroughs and potential advances in computational neuropharmacology, providing an extensive overview of the computational tools that are transforming medication discovery and development for neurological and psychiatric illnesses. Fundamental principles of computational neuropharmacology, descriptions of molecular-level interactions and their consequences for modern neuropharmacology, and an introduction to theoretical neuroscience are highlighted throughout this resource. Additionally, this study addresses computational attitudes in counseling psychology to improve therapeutic procedures through data-driven insights. Computational psychiatry uses computational technologies to bridge the gap between the molecular basis and clinical symptoms of psychiatric diseases. This volume covers computational approaches to drug discovery in neurohumoral transmission and signal transduction, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, and Alzheimer’s disease, and the use of molecular docking and machine learning in drug development for neurological disorders. It also discusses the use of computational methods to uncover potential treatments for autism spectrum disorder, depression, and anxiety. Audience This book is a valuable resource for computer scientists, engineers, researchers, clinicians, and students, providing a detailed understanding of the computational tools that are changing the developing field of neuropharmacology, leading the future of medication discovery and development for neurological and psychiatric illnesses by combining modern computational approaches with neuropharmacological research.

Table of Contents:
Foreword xix Preface xxi Part 1: Fundamentals of Computational Neuropharmacology 1 1 Basic Principles of Computational Neuropharmacology: Neuroscience Meeting Pharmacology 3 Lucy Mohapatra, Alok S. Tripathi, Deepak Mishra, Alka and Sambit Kumar Parida Abbreviations 4 1.1 Introduction 5 1.2 Basics of Computational Neuropharmacology 6 1.3 Multiple Aspects of Computational Neuropharmacology 11 1.4 Recent Developments in Computational Neuropharmacology 18 1.5 Limitations of Computational Neuropharmacology 21 1.6 Conclusion 22 References 22 2 Neuropharmacology in the Molecular Epoch 31 Neelakanta Sarvashiva Kiran, Chandrashekar Yashaswini and Bhupendra G. Prajapati List of Abbreviations 32 2.1 Introduction 33 2.2 History of Neuropharmacology 34 2.3 Neurochemical Interactions 35 2.4 Molecular Pharmacology of Neuronal Receptors 37 2.5 Neuropharmacological Drugs 46 2.6 Impact of Biotechnology of Neuropharmacology 50 2.7 Future Research and Perspectives 55 2.8 Conclusion 56 Acknowledgments 57 References 57 3 Basics of Theoretical Neuroscience 67 Anil P. Dewani, Deepak S. Mohale, Alok S. Tripathi and Naheed Waseem A. Sheikh List of Abbreviations 67 3.1 Introduction 68 3.2 Properties of Neurons and Neuronal Signaling 70 3.3 Recording Neuronal Responses 72 3.4 Neural Encoding and Neuronal Decoding 74 3.5 Neuronal Network Models 76 3.6 Learning and Synaptic Plasticity 78 3.7 Conclusion 79 References 80 4 In Silico Modeling of Drug–Receptor Interactions for Rational Drug Design in Neuropharmacology 87 Princy Shrivastav, Bhupendra Prajapati, Chandni Chandarana and Parixit Prajapati Abbreviations 88 4.1 Introduction 88 4.2 Drug–Receptor Interactions 93 4.3 In Silico Methods for Modeling Drug–Receptor Interactions 101 4.4 Applications of In Silico Modeling in Neuropharmacology 115 4.5 Case Studies 116 4.6 Conclusion 120 References 121 5 Computational Attitudes in Counselling Psychology 127 Bharat Mishra, Farha Deeba Khan, Archita Tiwari and Anitta Joseph List of Abbreviations 128 5.1 Introduction 129 5.2 Theoretical Foundations of Computational Attitude 139 5.3 Empirical Evidence and Efficacy of Computational Counselling 149 5.4 Ethical and Legal Considerations 153 5.5 Future Directions and Possibilities 153 5.6 Conclusion 154 References 154 6 Computational Psychiatry: Addressing the Gap Between Pathophysiology and Psychopathology 159 Jignasha Derasari Pandya and Bhupendra Prajapati List of Abbreviations 160 6.1 Introduction 160 6.2 Roadmap of Conventional to Modern Evolution Towards Mental (Psychological) Illness 165 6.3 Pathophysiology of Mental Illness 167 6.4 Psychopathology 174 6.5 Computational Psychiatry (CP) 182 6.6 Computational Psychiatry: An Advanced Version Links Pathology and Psychopathology 191 6.7 Conclusion 193 References 193 7 Computational Neuropharmacology in Psychiatry 207 Amol D. Gholap, Pankaj R. Khuspe, Deepak K. Bharati, Sagar R. Pardeshi, Mohammad Dabeer Ahmad, ABM Sharif Hossain, Bhupendra G. Prajapati and Md. Faiyazuddin List of Abbreviations 208 7.1 Introduction 208 7.2 Need for Computational Neuropharmacology in Psychiatry 209 7.3 Data-Driven Computational Approaches in Psychiatry 211 7.4 Role of Diagnostic Classification 212 7.5 Machine Learning and Diagnostic Precision 213 7.6 The Challenges of Treatment Response Prediction 214 7.7 Future Implications and Ethical Considerations 216 7.8 Machine Learning for Informed Decisions 217 7.9 Network Analysis: Unraveling Symptom Dynamics 218 7.10 Theory-Driven Computational Approaches: Integrating Knowledge and Data 221 7.11 Biophysically Realistic Neural Network Models: Bridging the Gap Between Biology and Computation 222 7.12 Bayesian Models 225 7.13 Combining Data-Driven and Theory-Driven Computational Approaches 226 7.14 Conclusion 228 References 229 Part 2: Clinical Aspects of Computational Neuropharmacology 245 8 Computational Attitudes to Drug Discovery in Neurohumoral Transmission and Signal Transduction 247 Lucy Mohapatra, Alok S. Tripathi, Deepak Mishra, Alka, Sambit Kumar Parida and Bhupendra Gopalbhai Prajapati Abbreviations 248 8.1 Introduction 248 8.2 Neurohumoral Transmission and Signal Transduction 250 8.3 Computational Approach in Creating Neurohumoral and Synaptic Models 257 8.4 Primitive Computational Models 261 8.5 Conclusion 263 References 264 9 Computational Attitude to Drug Discovery in Parkinson’s Disease 271 Chitra Vellapandian, Ankul Singh S., Swathi Suresh and Bhupendra Prajapati List of Abbreviations 272 9.1 Introduction 273 9.2 PD and Drug Development 275 9.3 Animal Models and Translational Discovery 276 9.4 Pathophysiology 278 9.5 Validated Biomarkers 279 9.6 Computational Drug Discovery 282 9.7 Outcomes From Gene Ontology and KEGG Analysis 284 9.8 Conclusion 299 Acknowledgments 300 References 300 10 Computational Attitudes to Drug Discovery in Epilepsy 313 Shama Mujawar, Aarohi Deshpande, Avni Bhambure, Shreyash Kolhe and Bhupendra Prajapati List of Abbreviations 314 10.1 Introduction 314 10.2 Traditional Drug Discovery Approaches for Epilepsy 315 10.3 Computer Simulations in Understanding and Optimizing Drug Efficacy 319 10.4 Development of Computational Models 321 10.5 Computational Models for Predicting Effects on Seizure Activity 323 10.6 Data Integration and Analysis in Epilepsy Research 325 10.7 Challenges and Future Directions 328 10.8 Conclusion 330 Acknowledgments 331 References 331 11 Computational Attitudes to Drug Discovery in Alzheimer’s Disease 335 Shubhrat Maheshwari, Aditya Singh, Amita Verma, Juber Akhtar, Jigna B. Prajapati, Sudarshan Singh and Bhupendra Prajapati List of Abbreviations 336 11.1 Introduction 336 11.2 Alzheimer’s Disease 339 11.3 Computational Attitudes to Drug Discovery 341 11.4 Applications of Computational Attitudes to Drug Development Process 343 11.5 Conclusion 345 References 345 12 The Integration of Molecular Docking and Machine Learning in Drug Discovery for Neurological Disorders 349 Aditya Singh, Shubhrat Maheshwari, Jigna B. Prajapati, Juber Akhtar, Syed Misbahul Hasan, Amita Verma, Sudarshan Singh and Bhupendra Prajapati Abbreviations 350 12.1 Introduction 351 12.2 Neurodegenerative Disease 355 12.3 Molecular Docking 357 12.4 Machine Learning in Drug Discovery 361 12.5 Random Forest 366 12.6 Naïve Bayesian 366 12.7 Support Vector Machine 367 12.8 Conclusion 368 References 369 13 Computational Attitudes to Drug Discovery in Autism Spectrum Disorder 375 Himani Nautiyal, Shubham Dwivedi, Silpi Chanda and Raj Kumar Tiwari List of Abbreviations 376 13.1 Introduction 376 13.2 Clinical, Genetic, and Molecular Heterogeneity in Autism Spectrum Disorder 387 13.3 The Necessity of Drug Discovery 390 13.4 Computational Model for Drug Discovery 391 13.5 Importance of Multiomics and Endophenotyping-Based Methods Toward Precision Medicine 392 13.6 Network-Based Approach for Diseases/Drug Modeling 393 13.7 Drug Repurposing Candidates for Treatment of ASD Using Bioinformatic Approaches 395 13.8 Conclusion and Future Prospective 398 Acknowledgment 398 References 399 14 Computational Approaches to Drug Discovery in Depression 409 Kalpesh Ramdas Patil, Aman B. Upaganlawar, Akhil A. Nagar and Kuldeep U. Bansod List of Abbreviations 410 14.1 Introduction 411 14.2 Types of Depressive Disorders 411 14.3 Hypotheses and Pathways of Depression 412 14.4 Receptors in Depression 415 14.5 Computational Approaches to Depression 417 14.6 Network Pharmacology of Depression 426 14.7 Conclusion 429 References 429 15 Computational Attitudes to Drug Discovery in Anxiety 437 Meenakshi Attri, Asha Raghav, Piyush Vatsha, Mohit Agrawal, Manmohan Singhal, Hema Chaudhary, Nalini Kanta Sahoo and Bhupendra Prajapati List of Abbreviations 438 15.1 Introduction 439 15.2 Computational Approaches for Drug Discovery 439 15.3 Ligand-Based Techniques 443 15.4 Pharmacophore 444 15.5 Structure-Based Methods for Screening 447 15.6 Ai 449 15.7 Machine Learning Algorithms for Anxiety Disorder Detection and Prediction 450 15.8 A Review of the Literature on Machine Learning Approaches for Anxiety-Related Disorders 453 15.9 Molecular Dynamic Simulation 454 15.10 Future Prospective 460 15.11 Conclusion 470 References 471 Index 483