ARDUINO for BEGINNERS ESSENTIAL SKILLS EVERY MAKER NEEDS Loaded with full-color step-by-step illustrations!   Absolutely no experience needed!   Learn Arduino from the ground up, hands-on, in full color!   Discover Arduino, join the DIY movement, and build an amazing spectrum of projects… limited only by your imagination!   No “geekitude” needed: This full-color guide assumes you know nothing about Arduino or programming with the Arduino IDE. John Baichtal is an expert on getting newcomers up to speed with DIY hardware. First, he guides you gently up the learning curve, teaching you all you need to know about Arduino boards, basic electronics, safety, tools, soldering, and a whole lot more. Then, you walk step-by-step through projects that reveal Arduino’s incredible potential for sensing and controlling the environment–projects that inspire you to create, invent, and build the future!   ·    Use breadboards to quickly create circuits without soldering ·    Create a laser/infrared trip beam to protect your home from intruders ·    Use Bluetooth wireless connections and XBee to build doorbells and more ·    Write useful, reliable Arduino programs from scratch ·    Use Arduino’s ultrasonic, temperature, flex, and light sensors ·    Build projects that react to a changing environment ·    Create your own plant-watering robot ·    Control DC motors, servos, and stepper motors ·    Create projects that keep track of time ·    Safely control high-voltage circuits ·    Harvest useful parts from junk electronics ·    Build pro-quality enclosures that fit comfortably in your home  

Table of Contents:
Introduction 1 Chapter 1 Arduino Cram Session ................................................ 5 Arduino Uno: A Rookie-Friendly Microcontroller ............................5 Other Arduino Products ................................................................8 Electronics ....................................................................................9 Light-Emitting Diodes ..............................................................11 Buttons and Switches ...............................................................11 Potentiometers ........................................................................12 Resistors ..................................................................................13 Capacitors ...............................................................................14 Motors ....................................................................................15 Solenoids .................................................................................16 Piezo Buzzers ...........................................................................17 Seven-Segment Displays ...........................................................18 Relays ......................................................................................19 Integrated Circuits ...................................................................20 Temperature Sensors ................................................................21 Flex Sensor...............................................................................22 Light Sensor .............................................................................23 Ultrasonic Sensor .....................................................................23 Safety Rules .................................................................................24 The Next Chapter ........................................................................26 Chapter 2 Breadboarding ......................................................... 27 Assembling Circuits Using Solderless Breadboards .......................27 Understanding Power and Ground ...........................................30 Using Jumper Wires .................................................................30 Project: Breadboard Blink ............................................................32 Project: Laser Trip Beam ..............................................................35 Assembling the Laser Module ...................................................38 Assembling the Sensor Module .................................................38 Building the Enclosures ............................................................41 Laser Trip Beam Code ..............................................................47 Setting Up the Trip Beam .........................................................49 Alt.Project: Infrared Detector .......................................................50 Wiring Up the PIR and Buzzer ..................................................51 Infrared Detector Code ............................................................51 The Next Chapter ........................................................................52 Chapter 3 How to Solder ......................................................... 53 Gathering Soldering Supplies .......................................................55 Picking a Soldering Iron............................................................55 Choosing a Solder ....................................................................58 Getting the Other Things You Need ..........................................59  Desktop Vises ...............................................................................59  Cutters and Strippers .....................................................................60  Needle-Nose Pliers and Hemostats ..................................................61  Fans or Fume Extractors .................................................................62  ESD Protection .............................................................................62  Solder Stand and Sponge ................................................................63 Soldering .....................................................................................64 Desoldering .................................................................................68 Cleanup ......................................................................................71 Project: LED Strip Coffee Table ....................................................72 Preparing the Light Strip ..........................................................73 Attaching the Light Strip to the Table .......................................75 Building the Enclosure .................................................................76 Controlling the LED Strip .........................................................82 LED Strip Code ...........................................................................82 The Next Chapter ........................................................................90 Chapter 4 Setting Up Wireless Connections ............................... 91 XBee Wireless Modules ................................................................92 XBee Versus XBee Pro ..............................................................92 Series 1 Versus Series 2 ............................................................93 XBee Breakout Boards .................................................................93 Anatomy of the XBee ...................................................................94 Competing Wireless Modules.......................................................95 Freakduino Chibi .....................................................................95 JeeLabs JeeNode .......................................................................96 Project: Wireless LED Activation ..................................................96 Wireless LED Code ......................................................................99 Project: Bluetooth Doorbell .......................................................101 The Button ............................................................................103 Instructions for Wiring Up the Doorbell ..................................103  Button Unit ................................................................................103  Buzzer Unit ................................................................................105 Building the Doorbell Enclosures ............................................107  Button Unit Enclosure ..................................................................108  Bending Acrylic ...........................................................................109  Buzzer Unit Enclosure ..................................................................112 Wireless Doorbell Code .............................................................112 Button Unit Code ..................................................................113 Buzzer Unit Code ...................................................................114 The Next Chapter ......................................................................115 Chapter 5 Programming Arduino ............................................. 117 The Arduino Development Environment .....................................118 Programming Window ..........................................................118 Menus ...................................................................................120  File Menu ...................................................................................120  Edit Menu ..................................................................................120  Sketch Menu...............................................................................121  Tools Menu ................................................................................122  Help Menu .................................................................................123 The Blink Sketch ........................................................................124 Learning from Example Code .....................................................127 Adapt the Code .....................................................................128 Finding Example Code ............................................................128  Arduino Playground .....................................................................129  Libraries.....................................................................................130  Sharing Example Code .................................................................131 More Functions and Syntax........................................................133 Arithmetic ..............................................................................133 Arrays ....................................................................................133 Comparison Operators ..........................................................134 For ........................................................................................134 Include ..................................................................................135 Increment/Decrement ............................................................135 Interrupts ..............................................................................135 If/Else ....................................................................................136 Mapping ................................................................................136 Random.................................................................................136 Switch/Case ...........................................................................137 While .....................................................................................137 Debugging Using the Serial Monitor ..........................................137 All About Libraries.....................................................................139 Resources for Learning Programming .........................................141 Books ....................................................................................141 Websites ................................................................................141 The Next Chapter ......................................................................141 Chapter 6 Sensing the World ................................................. 143 Lesson: Sensors .........................................................................144 Digital Versus Analog .............................................................145  Digital .......................................................................................145  Analog .......................................................................................145 Connecting Digital and Analog Sensors ..................................146 Know Your Sensors ....................................................................146 Accelerometer ........................................................................147 Barometric .............................................................................147 Encoder .................................................................................148 Gas ........................................................................................148 Hall Effect ..............................................................................149 Infrared .................................................................................150 Piezo Buzzer (Knock Sensor) ..................................................150 Sound Sensors .......................................................................151 Tilt Sensors ............................................................................151 Project: Mood Light...................................................................152 Instructions............................................................................154 Mood Lamp Code ..................................................................159 Alt.Project: Kerf Bending ...........................................................162 The Next Chapter ......................................................................163 Chapter 7 Controlling Liquid ................................................... 165 Lesson: Controlling the Flow of Liquid .......................................166 Solenoid Valve .......................................................................166 Pressurized Reservoir ..............................................................167 Peristaltic Pump .....................................................................168 Mini Project: Make a Pressurized Reservoir ................................169 Instructions............................................................................170 Pressurized Reservoir Code .....................................................171 Project: Plant-Watering Robot ...................................................173 Instructions............................................................................175 Plant-Watering Robot Electronics ...........................................179 Plant-Watering Robot Enclosure ............................................181  Adding the Electronics ..................................................................182 Plant-Watering Robot Code ...................................................185 The Next Chapter ......................................................................186 Chapter 8 Tool Bin ................................................................ 187 Maker’s Ultimate Toolbox .........................................................188 Basic Multimeter ....................................................................188 Multitool ...............................................................................189 Measuring Tape .....................................................................190 Soldering Iron .......................................................................190 Digital Caliper ........................................................................191 Scissors..................................................................................192 X-Acto Knives .........................................................................192 Screwdrivers ...........................................................................193 Hardware...............................................................................193 Wire Strippers ........................................................................194 Super Glue .............................................................................195 Mini Flashlight .......................................................................196 Hot Glue Gun ........................................................................196 Magnifying Glass ....................................................................197 Writing Supplies.....................................................................197 Sketchbook ............................................................................198 Charging Cables .....................................................................198 Working with Wood ..................................................................200 Laser Cutter ...........................................................................200  How to Use a Laser Cutter ...........................................................201 Rotary Tool ...........................................................................202 Air Compressor and Attachments ...........................................203 Drill .......................................................................................203 CNC Mill ...............................................................................204  Lasering and CNCing Services .......................................................205 Table Saw ..............................................................................206 Lathe .....................................................................................206 Sander ...................................................................................207 Working with Plastic ..................................................................208 3D Printers ............................................................................209 LEGO ....................................................................................210 Sugru .....................................................................................211 Vacuum Former .....................................................................211 Extruder .................................................................................212 Tamiya ..................................................................................213 Working with Metal ...................................................................214 Plasma Cutter ........................................................................215 Band Saw ..............................................................................216 Grinder ..................................................................................217 Welder ...................................................................................218 Aluminum Building Systems ...................................................219  80/20 .......................................................................................219  MicroRAX ..................................................................................220  OpenBeam .................................................................................221  Makeblock .................................................................................222  VEX ...........................................................................................223 Maker Spaces ............................................................................224 Software....................................................................................228 GIMP .....................................................................................228 Inkscape ................................................................................229 Fritzing ..................................................................................230 KiCad PCB Layout Software ...................................................230 MakerCase .............................................................................231 Electronics Tools and Techniques ..............................................232 Multimeters ...........................................................................233 Harvesting Electronics ............................................................235 Electronics Marking ...............................................................238  Part Numbers .............................................................................238  Datasheets .................................................................................239  Resistor Color Bands ...................................................................240 Schematic Symbols ................................................................241 The Next Chapter ......................................................................242 Chapter 9 Ultrasonic Detection ............................................... 243 Lesson: Ultrasonic Detection .....................................................244 Ultrasonic Sensor Applications ...............................................245 Mini Project: Make an Ultrasonic Night Light .............................245 Ultrasonic Night Light Code ...................................................246 Project: Cat Toy ........................................................................247 Instructions............................................................................250 Enclosure ..............................................................................252 Lathe 101 ..................................................................................269 Lathe Safety ..............................................................................271 The Next Chapter ......................................................................272 Chapter 10 Making Noise ...................................................... 273 Noise in Electronics ...................................................................274 Thingamagoop .......................................................................275 Tactile Metronome .................................................................275 LushOne Synth.......................................................................276 Mini Project: Pushbutton Melody ...............................................278 Instructions............................................................................279 Pushbutton Melody Code .......................................................280 Project: Noisemaker ..................................................................282 Instructions............................................................................283 Noisemaker Code...................................................................293 The Next Chapter ......................................................................294 Chapter 11 Measuring Time ................................................... 295 Time Server ............................................................................295 Arduino’s Timer ....................................................................296 Real-Time Clock (RTC) Module ..............................................297 Mini Project: Digital Clock .........................................................298 Instructions............................................................................300 Digital Clock Code .................................................................301 Project: Indoor Wind Chime ......................................................302 Servo Horns ...........................................................................303 Instructions............................................................................304 Code .....................................................................................316 Computer Numerically Controlled (CNC) Tools .........................318 The Next Chapter ......................................................................319 Chapter 12 Safely Working with High Voltage .......................... 321 Lesson: Controlling High Voltage ...............................................322 PowerSwitch Tail ....................................................................322 EMSL Simple Relay Shield ......................................................323 Beefcake Relay Control Board ................................................324 Mini Project: Making a Fan Controller .......................................327 Instructions............................................................................328 Fan Controller Code ...............................................................329 Project: Making a Lava Lamp Buddy .........................................330 Decoding Infrared ..................................................................331 Instructions............................................................................332 Lava Lamp Buddy Code ..........................................................335 The Next Chapter ......................................................................338 Chapter 13 Controlling Motors ............................................... 339 How to Control Motors .............................................................340 Adafruit Motor Shield ............................................................340 Shmalz Haus EasyDriver .........................................................341 Bricktronics MegaShield .........................................................341 Powering Your Motor Using a TIP-120 .......................................342 Alt.Project: Stepper Turner ........................................................344 Instructions............................................................................345 Stepper Turner Code ..............................................................346 Project: BubbleBot ....................................................................347 Instructions............................................................................349 BubbleBot Code ....................................................................356 Glossary 359   9780789748836   TOC   11/1/2013